Diamond
A diamond is a polished piece of gem-quality diamond mineral. With respect to the proportion of gem-quality diamond in diamond mineral, the best diamonds are mined from the alluvial deposit of Namibia. Since ancient times, the diamond has been seen as a symbol of bravery, power, social status and nobility. Today it is more regarded as a symbol of faithful love.
【Name】: Diamond
【Moh’s Hardness】：10
【Chemical Constituents】: 99.98% Carbon
【Common Shape】: Round, Oval, Marquise, Heart, Pear, Square, Triangle, Emerald-cut
The most common shape is round.
【Mass Unit】: Karat
【Major Producing Area】: Australia, Botswana, Zaire, Namibia, South Africa.
Emerald
Emerald is called the king of green gemstones, because its rich green is the color of spring, emerald has long symbolized love and rebirth. Colombia is the most famous source of emerald. Emeralds have been international currency for thousands of years.
【Name】: Emerald
【Moh’s Hardness】：7.5～8
【Chemical Constituents】: Be3Al2(SiO3)6
【Common Shape】: The most common shape is Emerald-cut. Some small size will cut in Round, Oval, Pear and Marquise.
【Mass Unit】: Karat
【Major Producing Area】: Columbia, Brazil, Zambia, Zimbabwe, India, Russia and Madagascar.
Sapphire
The sapphire has the most beautiful blue in the realm of gems, symbolizing royalty and soul. Blue is the most common color of sapphires, but the most precious sapphires have a bright and shining ethereal blue color. Kashmir and Sri Lanka are well known for deposits of high-quality sapphires.
【Name】: Sapphire
【Moh’s Hardness】：9
【Chemical Constituents】: Al2O3
【Common Shape】: Cushion Round, Oval, Emerald-cut, Princess Cut, Heart and Pear.
【Mass Unit】: Karat
【Major Producing Area】: Sri Lanka, Kashmir, Burma, Madagascar, Tanzania, Kenya, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Australia and America.
Tanzanite
Tanzanite is discovered in the Mererani Hills in Tanzania, Africa. It is a "velvety" blue variety of the mineral zoisite. Extremely rare and with a color rivaling sapphire, tanzanite finds favor in collectors' eyes. Tanzanite ranges from a pure rich blue to strong violet. The blue colors are more valuable. Tanzanite symbolizes healing, love and eternity.
【Name】: Tanzanite
【Moh’s Hardness】：6.5
【Chemical Constituents】:Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH)
【Common Shape】: Round, Oval, Cushion, Heart, Square, Triangle.
【Mass Unit】: Karat
【Major Producing Area】: Tanzania
Tourmaline
Tourmalines are hailed as "fallen rainbows" for the various splendid colors. The rarest among the tourmaline family are blue-green ones containing copper referred to as paraiba tourmalines. Blue and red tourmalines are also very popular.
【Name】: Tourmaline
【Moh’s Hardness】：7～7.5
【Chemical Constituents】:（Ca,Na,K）(Al,Fe,Li,Mg,Mn)3(Al,Cr,Fe,V)6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH,F)4
【Common Shape】: Emerald-cut, Cushion, Round, Oval, Heart, Pear, Square, Triangle.
【Mass Unit】: Karat
【Major Producing Area】: Brazil, Tanzania, Kenya, Mozambique, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Nigeria, Zambia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, State of California and Maine of America.
Ruby
Ruby, the ultimate red gem, was long considered the most valuable gemstone. In the ancient language of Sanskrit, ruby is called "king of gems." In the gem circle, the ruby is defined as the birthstone of July, symbolizing nobility, love and benevolence. The best color for rubies is a deep, pure vivid red to slightly purplish red. The "pigeon blood ruby" is a rarity among rubies.
【Name】: Ruby
【Moh’s Hardness】：9
【Chemical Constituents】: Al2O3
【Common Shape】: Round, Oval, Cushion, Square.
【Mass Unit】: Karat
【Major Producing Area】: Burma, Mozambique, Thailand, Madagascar,Vietnam, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan and Tanzania.
Tsavorite
The scientific name of the tsavorite is "chromium-vanadium-calcium-aluminium garnet." With a trace of chromium and vanadium, tsavorite is pleasant to the eye with a charming emerald green. Tsavorite was not discovered until 1968 but it soon became a collectible gemstone. The New York retailer was the first to market tsavorite in 1974. Tsavorite's green color ranges from light to dark yellowish green to green. At best it has a vivid bright green color with the intensity of spring grass after a rain. It is extremely rare over 3 carats.
【Name】: Tsavorite
【Moh’s Hardness】：7
【Chemical Constituents】: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
【Common Shape】: Round, Oval.
【Mass Unit】: Karat
【Major Producing Area】: Tanzania，Kenya.
Morganite
Morganite is pink beryl, a relative of emerald and aquamarine. Morganite is often found in the gorgeous and vivid colors of orange red and purplish red. Morganite symbolizes purity, grace and colorful life.
【Name】: Morganite
【Moh’s Hardness】：7
【Chemical Constituents】: Be3Al2(SiO3)6
【Common Shape】: Round, Oval, Marquise, Heart, Pear, Square, Triangle, Emerald-cut.
【Mass Unit】: Karat
【Major Producing Area】: Brazil, Russia, Madagascar, America, India, Africa.
Heliodor
The word "heliodor" is derived from the Greek word meaning "sun." Regarded as teardrops of the sun, heliodor was cherished by the ancient Inca and Greek people. It symbolizes noble characters, bravery and strength.
【Name】: Heliodor
【Moh’s Hardness】：7
【Chemical Constituents】: Be3Al2(SiO3)6
【Common Shape】: Round, Oval, Pear, Cushion, Triangle, Emerald-cut.
【Mass Unit】: Karat
【Major Producing Area】: Brazil, Russia, Madagascar, America.
Aquamarine
Aquamarine, the gem of the sea, derives its name from “sea water.” The name "aquamarine" refers to the nattier blue luster of the stone resembling the shimmering sea. Aquamarines are hailed as "stones of love," symbolizing sweet love and happy marriage.
【Name】: Aquamarine
【Moh’s Hardness】：7.5
【Chemical Constituents】: Be3Al2(SiO3)6
【Common Shape】: Oval, Emerald-cut, Pear, Heart, Cushion.
【Mass Unit】: Karat
【Major Producing Area】: Brazil, Zambia, Angola, Nigeria, Madagascar.
